La tarea de construcción del Estado santafesino por parte de Estanislao López fue no sólo la obra de este hombre excepcional sino también de un grupo de notables dirigentes que lo secundaron en la tarea, en medio de una feroz guerra civil. Entre todos ellos, descolló Domingo Cullen, nacido en Tenerife en 1791, radicado primero en Montevideo y posteriormente en nuestra provincia, a la que dio su vida en defensa de sus inmaculados intereses.
Su figura, tan bien retratada por José Luis Busaniche en su hermosa biografía, es fundamental para comprender el derrotero del federalismo argentino. Pocos, en nuestra atribulada historia, amaron a esta tierra como este español que la fecundó con sus obras e ideas. Decía de su provincia de adopción, poco antes de ser asesinado:”la tierra que quiero infinito y donde han nacido mis hijos”.
Fue uno de los ideólogos del Pacto Federal firmado el 4 de enero de 1831, y Presidente de la Comisión Representativa que tenía como objetivo llamar a una constituyente y sancionar una norma republicana y federal que terminara con el caos que vivía el Río de la Plata por sus luchas intestinas. La aviesa conducta de Buenos Aires, con Juan Manuel de Rosas a la cabeza, impidió la organización nacional que deberá esperar hasta 1853 para consumarse.
Su biógrafo relata su tarea: “Domingo Cullen, en Santa Fe, como Ministro de López, considerada su época y su ambiente, cumple una labor excepcional. Es activo y fecundo. Bajo su influencia va adquiriendo estructura y jerarquía la administración. Ordena las finanzas, organiza la percepción de la renta, encara el problema de los intereses rurales”. Además, organizó administrativamente a Rosario, promulgó la primera ley orgánica de tribunales de la provincia, promoviendo la educación primaria. En materia de Hacienda Pública, nombró una comisión de vecinos para que examinaran las cuentas provinciales y su transparente inversión. Inciso aparte es su acompañamiento a Estanislao López en la protesta por la invasión de Gran Bretaña a las Islas Malvinas en 1833. Santa Fe tiene el orgullo de reclamar por la soberanía de las irredentas Islas desde el inicio de la ocupación pirata.
Capítulo a notar, es la tarea de Domingo Cullen con otro gran hombre del federalismo argentino, como lo fue don Manuel Leiva. Primero como colaborador en el Ministerio de Gobierno y luego como ministro del sucesor de Estanislao López, el pregonero de la organización nacional secundó a la mano derecha del patriarca de la Federación de manera insuperable. Pocas veces la República, tuvo en estos dos hombres a tan celosos defensores del patriotismo y la libertad. Las filípicas de ambos contra el despotismo porteño, pertenecen a las mejores páginas de nuestra historia.
Por orden de Estanislao López, ya gravemente enfermo, intenta negociar con la flota francesa que bloqueaba el Río de la Plata dejando a Santa Fe en una crisis casi terminal. La correspondencia de José Amenábar al respecto es elocuente, explicando la espantosa situación que vivía la provincia producto de la arbitraria decisión del monarca sin corona de Santos Lugares.
Afirma sobre este tema el autor de San Martín Vivo: “López, Cullen y Leiva, consideraron el asunto en todos sus alcances y vieron claro desde un principio. Advirtieron que la cuestión no tenía el carácter nacional que Rosas pretendía atribuirle, posiblemente con vistas a una mayor dominación política. El general Rosas mantenía, y nada más, las relaciones exteriores de la Confederación, como gobernador de Buenos Aires, pero eso no lo autorizaba para complicar a las provincias en disputas de carácter internacional, y en defensa de leyes locales. Si no existían poderes y autoridades nacionales, la responsabilidad correspondía al gobierno que retiró, el primero, su diputado a la comisión representativa de Santa Fe. El asunto se vinculaba al problema de la organización nacional, que constituía para Cullen, constante preocupación”. Los santafesinos entendían con buen tino que un conflicto provincial no podía afectar a toda la Confederación. Y tenían razón.
Su defensa de los intereses del Litoral fue la verdadera causa de su asesinato a manos de los sicarios de Juan Manuel de Rosas, el 22 de junio de 1839. Con su agudeza habitual esto fue resaltado por ese inteligente observador que fue José María Ramos Mejía. El gran santafesino conocía todos los secretos de la política de esa época, y don Juan Manuel no podía soportar la presencia de un político de sus quilates gobernando una provincia tan importante como Santa Fe. Por eso utilizó a un títere tan dócil como Juan Pablo López, alguien del cual desconfiaba hasta su propio hermano en cuanto a su capacidad de gobierno.
El legado político de Domingo Cullen es inmarcesible. Fue uno de los representantes del Federalismo más eminentes de la primera parte del siglo diecinueve, y que dio su vida en defensa de nuestros mejores valores. Conocer su olvidada figura es imprescindible para entender nuestro incierto presente.
| Por Gustavo Battistoni (Historiador y escritor firmatense)
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